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A lower (uterine) segment caesarean section (LSCS) is the most commonly used type of caesarean section. [1] Most commonly, a baby is delivered by making a transverse incision in the lower uterine segment, above the attachment of the urinary bladder to the uterus.
Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginal delivery would put the mother or child at risk (like paralysis or even death). [ 2 ]
Although fetal delivery through caesarean section is a very common surgery done in the world, it comes with several risks including bleeding, infection, thromboembolism, and soft-tissue injury. During a caesarean section, a hysterotomy is utilized to make an incision in the uterus and remove the fetus. [ 8 ]
It is similar to the Pfannenstiel incision, another commonly used incision in obstetric surgery. The Joel-Cohen cesarean section technique relies more heavily on blunt dissection than the traditional Pfannenstiel technique. [1] Joel-Cohen technique has lower rates of fever, hospital stay, post-operative pain and blood loss compared to Pfannenstiel.
A Pfannenstiel incision for a caesarian section closed with surgical staples.The superior aspect of mons pubis and pubic hair are seen at bottom of the image.. A Pfannenstiel incision / ˈ f ɑː n ɪ n ʃ t iː l /, Kerr incision, Pfannenstiel-Kerr incision [1] or pubic incision is a type of abdominal surgical incision that allows access to the abdomen.
Vaginal delivery is generally recommended as a first option. Cesarean section can lead to increased risk of complications and a significantly slower recovery. There are also many natural benefits of a vaginal delivery in both mother and baby. Various methods may help with pain, such as relaxation techniques, opioids, and spinal blocks. [15]
Slightly lower risk of uterine rupture in women undergoing ERCS (i.e. a section before the onset of labour). [1] Mothers with a previous lower uterine segment cesarean are considered the best candidates for VBAC, as that region of the uterus is under less physical stress during labor and delivery.
Further, babies born after a vaginal delivery tend to be at a lower risk for the infant respiratory distress syndrome. [1] Subsequent to the NIH report a large review from the USA of almost 6 million births was published that suggested that neonatal mortality is 184% higher in babies born by cesarean section. [18]