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IgA vasculitis (HSP), previously known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura, is an autoimmune disease that most commonly affects children. In the skin, the disease causes palpable purpura (small, raised areas of bleeding underneath the skin), often with joint pain and abdominal pain .
According to the CDC, nephritis/nephrosis/nephritic syndrome was the 9th leading cause of death in the United States in 2017. [45] It was listed as the cause of death for 50,633 out of the total 2,813,503 deaths reported in 2017. [45]
Minimal change disease (MCD): is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. It owes its name to the fact that the nephrons appear normal when viewed with an optical microscope as the lesions are only visible using an electron microscope .
In adults, there are numerous potential causes, which makes an early kidney biopsy necessary to determine the correct diagnosis and treatment plan. [4] It also differs from the nephrotic syndrome that often develops in young individuals with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus , i.e., cSLE. cSLE is a form of systemic lupus ...
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. [2] Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels) is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. [3]
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [1] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component.
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis of Lupus nephritis, Class II is also noted by mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion. Microscopic haematuria with or without proteinuria may be seen in Class II Lupus nephritis. Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and acute kidney injury are very rare at this stage. [6]
MPGN accounts for approximately 4% of primary renal causes of nephrotic syndrome in children and 7% in adults. [ 3 ] It should not be confused with membranous glomerulonephritis , a condition in which the basement membrane is thickened, but the mesangium is not.