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In biochemistry, non-heme iron proteins describe families of enzymes that utilize iron at the active site but lack heme cofactors. Iron-sulfur proteins, including those that are enzymes, are not included in this definition. Some non-heme iron proteins contain one Fe at their active sites, others have pairs of Fe centers:
Iron-binding proteins are carrier proteins and metalloproteins that are important in iron metabolism [1] and the immune response. [2] [3] Iron is required for life.Iron-dependent enzymes catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions and can be divided into three broad classes depending on the structure of their active site: non-heme mono-iron, non-heme diiron , or heme centers. [4]
Heme is a coordination complex "consisting of an iron ion coordinated to a tetrapyrrole acting as a tetradentate ligand, and to one or two axial ligands". [5] The definition is loose, and many depictions omit the axial ligands. [6]
Rubrerythrin (RBR) is a non-heme iron-containing metalloprotein involved in oxidative stress tolerance within anaerobic bacteria. [1] It contains a di-iron active site, where peroxide is reduced into two water molecules, and a mono-iron rubredoxin-like domain thought to be involved in electron transfer. [2]
The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme. A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction).
Lipoxygenases (EC 1.13.11.-) (LOX) are a family of (non-heme) iron-containing enzymes, more specifically oxidative enzymes, most of which catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene into cell signaling agents that serve diverse roles as autocrine signals that regulate the function of their parent cells, paracrine signals that regulate ...
Non-heme iron is mainly derived from plants and exist as iron(II) or iron(III) ions. [ 4 ] Iron is essential for more than 500 hemeproteins, the likes of which include hemoglobin and myoglobin , and account for 80% of iron usage. [ 1 ]
The human diet contains iron in two forms: heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron is usually found in red meat, whereas non-heme iron is found in plant based sources. Heme iron is the most easily absorbed form of iron. In those with hemochromatosis undergoing phlebotomy for treatment; restriction of dietary iron is not required.