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  2. Photosynthetic efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic_efficiency

    Photosynthesis is the only process that allows the conversion of atmospheric carbon (CO2) to organic (solid) carbon, and this process plays an essential role in climate models. This lead researchers to study the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e., chlorophyll fluorescence that uses the Sun as illumination source; the glow of a plant) as ...

  3. Heterogeneous water oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneous_Water_Oxidation

    This process occurs naturally in plants photosystem II to provide protons and electrons for the photosynthesis process and release oxygen to the atmosphere, [1] as well as in some electrowinning processes. [2] Since hydrogen can be used as an alternative clean burning fuel, there has been a need to split water efficiently.

  4. Methanation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanation

    The first commercial synthetic gas plant opened in 1984 and is the Great Plains Synfuel plant in Beulah, North Dakota. [1] It is still operational and produces 1500 MW worth of SNG using coal as the carbon source. In the years since its opening, other commercial facilities have been opened using other carbon sources such as wood chips. [1]

  5. Carbon-neutral fuel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-neutral_fuel

    A 1965 report suggested synthesizing methanol from carbon dioxide in air using nuclear power for a mobile fuel depot. [62] Shipboard production of synthetic fuel using nuclear power was studied in 1977 and 1995. [63] [64] [65] A 1984 report studied the recovery of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel plants. [66]

  6. Biological carbon fixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_carbon_fixation

    Cyanobacteria such as these carry out photosynthesis.Their emergence foreshadowed the evolution of many photosynthetic plants and oxygenated Earth's atmosphere.. Biological carbon fixation, or сarbon assimilation, is the process by which living organisms convert inorganic carbon (particularly carbon dioxide, CO 2) to organic compounds.

  7. Soil respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_respiration

    Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO 2. CO 2 is acquired by plants from the atmosphere and converted into organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis. Plants use these organic compounds to build structural components or respire them to release energy.

  8. Methanol economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_economy

    In the methanol economy, any process which similarly produces free hydrogen, proposes to immediately use it "captively" to reduce carbon dioxide into methanol, which, like plant products from photosynthesis, has great advantages in storage and transport over free hydrogen itself.

  9. Light-dependent reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-dependent_reactions

    This is the second core process in photosynthesis. The initial stages occur within picoseconds, with an efficiency of 100%. The seemingly impossible efficiency is due to the precise positioning of molecules within the reaction center. This is a solid-state process, not a typical chemical reaction. It occurs within an essentially crystalline ...