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Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms including changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, impaired movement, difficulties with coordination and balance, problems in speech (known as dysarthria) or swallowing , visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic ...
CIPN afflicts between 30% and 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy are designed to eliminate rapidly dividing cancer cells, but they can also damage healthy structures, including the peripheral nervous system. [1] CIPN involves various symptoms such as tingling, pain, and numbness in the hands and feet. [2]
The estimated prevalence of PML in MS is 1.5 cases per thousand natalizumab users. [8] Around 20% of MS patients with PML die, and most of the rest are very disabled. [8] One case study describes an MS patient who, during a 4-year course of dimethyl fumarate, developed PML and died. [9] Fingolimod (Gilenya) was approved in 2010 by the FDA for ...
Currently it is unknown what the primary cause of MS is; if MS is a heterogeneous disease, the lesion development process would not be unique. In particular, some PPMS patients having a special clinical course named rapidly progressive multiple sclerosis could have a special genetic cause [ 47 ] and a different development process.
The chemical changes associated with infection of a tumor or its surrounding tissue can cause rapidly escalating pain, but infection is sometimes overlooked as a possible cause. One study [25] found that infection was the cause of pain in four percent of nearly 300 people with cancer who were referred for pain relief. Another report described ...
Malignant MS cases are not common, less than 5% of patients with MS experience this type of progression. [ 2 ] The National MS Society Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents consensus defined it as: disease with a rapid progressive course, leading to significant disability in multiple neurologic systems or death in a relatively ...
MS can be considered among the acquired demyelinating syndromes with a multiphasic instead of monophasic behaviour. [129] Multiple sclerosis has a prodromal stage in which an unknown underlying condition, able to damage the brain, is present, but no lesion has still developed.
One such virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can cause infectious mononucleosis and infects about 95% of adults, though only a small proportion of those infected later develop MS. [61] [16] [62] [58] A study of more than 10 million US military members compared 801 people who developed MS to 1,566 matched controls who did not. The study found a 32 ...
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