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Lithium is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. [5] It is distributed to the body with higher levels in the kidney, thyroid, and bone as compared to other tissues. Since lithium is almost exclusively excreted by the kidneys, people with preexisting chronic kidney disease are at high risk of developing lithium intoxication. [13]
Serious side effects include hypothyroidism, diabetes insipidus, and lithium toxicity. [5] Blood level monitoring is recommended to decrease the risk of potential toxicity. [5] If levels become too high, diarrhea, vomiting, poor coordination, sleepiness, and ringing in the ears may occur. [5]
Blood level > 1.1 mmol/L (2.6 mg/dL) [1] [3] Differential diagnosis: Kidney failure, high blood calcium, high blood potassium, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, lithium toxicity, red blood cell breakdown, rhabdomyolysis [4] Treatment: Calcium chloride, intravenous normal saline with furosemide, hemodialysis [1] Frequency: Uncommon [3]
The major causes of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus that produce clinical symptoms (e.g., polyuria) in the adult are lithium toxicity and high blood calcium. About 80% of lithium ingested appears to affect the proximal tubules by entering the collecting tubule cells through sodium channels, accumulating and interfering with the normal ...
These proposed lithium mines are located about 80 to 100 miles away from Chimney Rock. Local officials are actively working to reconstruct damaged infrastructure in the town.
[144] [145] Lithium reduces the risk of suicide, self-harm, and death in people with bipolar disorder. [146] Lithium is preferred for long-term mood stabilization. [68] Lithium treatment is also associated with adverse effects and it has been shown to erode kidney and thyroid function over extended periods. [17]
Lithium-ion batteries, which are rechargeable and have a high energy density, differ from lithium metal batteries, which are disposable batteries with lithium or its compounds as the anode. [ 160 ] [ 161 ] Other rechargeable batteries that use lithium include the lithium-ion polymer battery , lithium iron phosphate battery , and the nanowire ...
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