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  2. Argument in the alternative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_in_the_alternative

    However the circumstances of the case may be such that the plaintiff cannot be certain that the court will accept this argument. To allow for this possibility, all the plaintiff need do is to argue in the alternative that the statement was in fact a representation (which allows for remedies based on misrepresentation) or again in the ...

  3. Abatement in pleading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abatement_in_pleading

    Abatement in law would terminate it completely although it could be restarted at the plaintiff's request. The second term is more common. [ 3 ] It has now been abolished, in most if not all, common law jurisdictions.

  4. Pinnel's Case - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnel's_Case

    The case reports the judgment as follows. payment of a lesser sum on the day in satisfaction of a greater, cannot be any satisfaction for the whole, because it appears to the Judges that by no possibility, a lesser sum can be a satisfaction to the plaintiff for a greater sum: but the gift of a horse, hawk, or robe, etc. in satisfaction is good. For it shall be intended that a horse, hawk, or ...

  5. Ex turpi causa non oritur actio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_turpi_causa_non_oritur...

    Ex turpi causa non oritur actio (Latin "action does not arise from a dishonourable cause") is a legal doctrine which states that a plaintiff will be unable to pursue legal relief and damages if it arises in connection with their own tortious act. [1]

  6. Summers v. Tice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summers_v._Tice

    Decided November 17, 1948; Full case name: Charles A. Summers v. Howard W. Tice, et al. Citation(s) 33 Cal.2d 80 199 P.2d 1: Holding; When a plaintiff suffers a single indivisible injury, for which the negligence of each of several potential tortfeasors could have been a but-for cause, but only one of which could have actually been the cause, all the potential tortfeasors are jointly and ...

  7. Rookes v Barnard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rookes_v_Barnard

    First, the Plaintiff cannot recover exemplary damages unless he is the victim of the punishable behaviour. The anomaly inherent in exemplary damages would become an absurdity if a Plaintiff totally unaffected by some oppressive conduct which the jury wished to punish obtained a windfall in consequence.

  8. Kamloops (City of) v Nielsen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamloops_(City_of)_v_Nielsen

    The city argued that it could not be liable for exercising that discretion. The statute also fixed a limitation period in which a plaintiff could sue the city, and the city argued the limitation period had expired. Finally, the city argued that the damages sought were considered to be "pure economic loss," which at law were generally not ...

  9. Abstention doctrine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstention_doctrine

    Pullman abstention was the first "doctrine of abstention" to be announced by the Court, and is named for Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 (1941).The doctrine holds that "the federal courts should not adjudicate the constitutionality of state enactments fairly open to interpretation until the state courts have been afforded a reasonable opportunity to pass on them."