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Particular medications can result in MRONJ, a serious but uncommon side effect in certain individuals. Such medications are frequently used to treat diseases that cause bone resorption such as osteoporosis, or to treat cancer. The main groups of drugs involved are anti-resorptive drugs, and anti-angiogenic drugs.
These changes caused drugs made with tetrazole to be contaminated with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), which cause genetic damage and cancer. [20] This contamination was not detected until 2018. The incident, according to medicinal chemist and pharmaceutical industry blogger Dr. Derek Lowe, points to a greater ...
Persistent blood clots can lead to congestive blood flow in bone marrow, impaired blood flow and ischaemia in bone tissue resulting in lack of oxygen , bone cell damage and eventual cell death . Of significance is the fact that the average concentration of cadmium in human bones in the 20th century has increased to about 10 times above the pre ...
4) Epothilones, mainly ixabepilone, are relatively new drugs that can be used to treat non-small lung, ovarian, and prostate cancers. [3] Epothilones cause microtubule disruption (like taxane-based drugs), which impairs axonal transport and leads to hyperexcitability of peripheral neurons.
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiation therapy in cancer treatment where radiated bone becomes necrotic and exposed. [1] ORN occurs most commonly in the mouth during the treatment of head and neck cancer, and can arise over 5 years after radiation. [2]
Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. [1] Early on, there may be no symptoms. [1] Gradually joint pain may develop, which may limit the person's ability to move. [1] Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby joint surface. [1]
This type of myoclonus often is caused by brain damage that results from a lack of oxygen and blood flow to the brain when breathing or heartbeat is temporarily stopped. Over-excitement of the sensorimotor cortex (cortical reflex myoclonus) or reticular formation (reticular reflex myoclonus) is also a cause of action myoclonus.
Tardive myoclonus, a rare disorder, presents as brief jerks of muscles in the face, neck, trunk, and extremities. [13] "AIMS Examination": This test is used when psychotropic medications have been prescribed because people sometimes develop tardive dyskinesia due to prolonged use of antipsychotic medications.