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  2. Japanese grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar

    By contrast, in Old Japanese -shiki (〜しき) adjectives (precursors of present i-adjectives ending in -shi-i (〜しい), formerly a different word class) were open, as reflected in words like ita-ita-shi-i (痛々しい, pitiful), from the adjective ita-i (痛い, painful, hurt), and kō-gō-shi-i (神々しい, heavenly, sublime), from the ...

  3. Numeric substitution in Japanese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_substitution_in...

    In Japanese, each digit/number has at least one native Japanese (), Sino-Japanese (), and English-origin reading.Furthermore, variants of readings may be produced through abbreviation (i.e. rendering ichi as i), consonant voicing (i.e sa as za; see Dakuten and handakuten), gemination (i.e. roku as rokku; see sokuon), vowel lengthening (i.e. ni as nii; see chōonpu), or the insertion of the ...

  4. Japanese honorifics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_honorifics

    In situations where both the first and last names are spoken, the suffix is attached to whichever comes last in the word order. Japanese names traditionally follow the Eastern name order . An honorific is generally used when referring to the person one is talking to (one's interlocutor ), or when referring to an unrelated third party in speech.

  5. Honorific speech in Japanese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese

    Japanese uses honorific constructions to show or emphasize social rank, social intimacy or similarity in rank. The choice of pronoun used, for example, will express the social relationship between the person speaking and the person being referred to, and Japanese often avoids pronouns entirely in favor of more explicit titles or kinship terms.

  6. Kansai dialect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansai_dialect

    Jibun is a Japanese word meaning "oneself" and sometimes "I", but it has an additional usage in Kansai as a casual second-person pronoun. In traditional Kansai dialect, the honorific suffix -san is sometimes pronounced -han when -san follows a, e and o; for example, okaasan ("mother") becomes okaahan, and Satō-san ("Mr. Satō") becomes Satō-han

  7. Subject–object–verb word order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject–object–verb...

    Tamil being a strongly head-final language, the basic word-order is SOV. However, since it is highly inflected, word order is flexible and is used for pragmatic purposes. That is, fronting a word in a sentence adds emphasis on it; for instance, a VSO order would indicate greater emphasis on the verb, the action, than on the subject or the object.

  8. Japanese adjectives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_adjectives

    The Japanese word keiyōshi is used to denote an English adjective. Because the widespread study of Japanese is still relatively new in the Western world, there are no generally accepted English translations for the above parts of speech, with varying texts adopting different sets, and others extant not listed above.

  9. Japanese particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_particles

    Japanese particles, joshi (助詞) or tenioha (てにをは), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. Their grammatical range can indicate various meanings and functions, such as speaker affect and assertiveness.