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  2. ElGamal encryption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ElGamal_encryption

    This is because asymmetric cryptosystems like ElGamal are usually slower than symmetric ones for the same level of security, so it is faster to encrypt the message, which can be arbitrarily large, with a symmetric cipher, and then use ElGamal only to encrypt the symmetric key, which usually is quite small compared to the size of the message.

  3. Optimal asymmetric encryption padding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_asymmetric...

    The OAEP algorithm is a form of Feistel network which uses a pair of random oracles G and H to process the plaintext prior to asymmetric encryption. When combined with any secure trapdoor one-way permutation f {\displaystyle f} , this processing is proved in the random oracle model to result in a combined scheme which is semantically secure ...

  4. Key encapsulation mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_encapsulation_mechanism

    A key encapsulation mechanism, to securely transport a secret key from a sender to a receiver, consists of three algorithms: Gen, Encap, and Decap. Circles shaded blue—the receiver's public key and the encapsulation —can be safely revealed to an adversary, while boxes shaded red—the receiver's private key and the encapsulated secret key —must be kept secret.

  5. Outline of cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cryptography

    ACE Encrypt; Chor-Rivest; Diffie-Hellman – key agreement; CRYPTREC recommendation; El Gamal – discrete logarithm; Elliptic curve cryptography – (discrete logarithm variant) PSEC-KEM – NESSIE selection asymmetric encryption scheme; NTT (Japan); CRYPTREC recommendation only in DEM construction w/SEC1 parameters

  6. McEliece cryptosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McEliece_cryptosystem

    The encryption and decryption are faster. [7] For a long time, it was thought that McEliece could not be used to produce signatures. However, a signature scheme can be constructed based on the Niederreiter scheme, the dual variant of the McEliece scheme. One of the main disadvantages of McEliece is that the private and public keys are large ...

  7. Key management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_management

    The encryption technique used by Richard Sorge's code clerk was of this type, referring to a page in a statistical manual, though it was in fact a code. The German Army Enigma symmetric encryption key was a mixed type early in its use; the key was a combination of secretly distributed key schedules and a user chosen session key component for ...

  8. Cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography

    Asymmetric systems use a "public key" to encrypt a message and a related "private key" to decrypt it. The advantage of asymmetric systems is that the public key can be freely published, allowing parties to establish secure communication without having a shared secret key.

  9. Padding (cryptography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_(cryptography)

    In public key cryptography, padding is the process of preparing a message for encryption or signing using a specification or scheme such as PKCS#1 v2.2, OAEP, PSS, PSSR, IEEE P1363 EMSA2 and EMSA5. A modern form of padding for asymmetric primitives is OAEP applied to the RSA algorithm, when it is used to encrypt a limited number of bytes.