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Reciprocity of electrical networks is a special case of Lorentz reciprocity, but it can also be proven more directly from network theorems. This proof shows reciprocity for a two-node network in terms of its admittance matrix, and then shows reciprocity for a network with an arbitrary number of nodes by an induction argument .
Often, especially for electrical networks, one instead prefers to think of an externally applied voltage and the resulting currents. The Lorentz reciprocity theorem describes this case as well, assuming ohmic materials (i.e. currents that respond linearly to the applied field) with a 3×3 conductivity matrix σ that is required to be symmetric ...
A network will be reciprocal if it is passive and it contains only reciprocal materials that influence the transmitted signal. For example, attenuators, cables, splitters and combiners are all reciprocal networks and S m n = S n m {\displaystyle S_{mn}=S_{nm}\,} in each case, or the S-parameter matrix will be equal to its transpose .
Figure 1: Example two-port network with symbol definitions. Notice the port condition is satisfied: the same current flows into each port as leaves that port.. In electronics, a two-port network (a kind of four-terminal network or quadripole) is an electrical network (i.e. a circuit) or device with two pairs of terminals to connect to external circuits.
In network science, reciprocity is a measure of the likelihood of vertices in a directed network to be mutually linked. [1] Like the clustering coefficient , scale-free degree distribution , or community structure , reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study complex networks .
Equivalent circuit for an arbitrary two-port admittance matrix. The circuit uses Norton sources with voltage-controlled current sources. Y-equivalent circuit for a reciprocal two-port network. The Y-parameter matrix for the two-port network is probably the most common. In this case the relationship between the port voltages, port currents and ...
Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, all network components. There are many techniques for calculating these values; however, for the most part, the techniques assume linear components.
Reciprocity (electrical networks), reciprocity theorem as it relates to current and voltage in electrical networks; Reciprocity (network science), measures the tendency of vertex pairs to form mutual connections between each other; Reciprocity (optoelectronic), a diode under illumination to the photon emission of the same diode under applied ...