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Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to maintain proper operation despite failures or faults in one or more of its components. This capability is essential for high-availability, mission-critical, or even life-critical systems. Fault tolerance specifically refers to a system's capability to handle faults without any degradation or downtime.
In engineering and systems theory, redundancy is the intentional duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the goal of increasing reliability of the system, usually in the form of a backup or fail-safe, or to improve actual system performance, such as in the case of GNSS receivers, or multi-threaded computer processing.
For example, 5-modular redundancy communication systems (such as FlexRay) use the majority of 5 samples – if any 2 of the 5 results are erroneous, the other 3 results can correct and mask the fault. Modular redundancy is a basic concept, dating to antiquity, while the first use of TMR in a computer was the Czechoslovak computer SAPO, in the ...
Control reconfiguration is an active approach in control theory to achieve fault-tolerant control for dynamic systems. [1] It is used when severe faults , such as actuator or sensor outages, cause a break-up of the control loop , which must be restructured to prevent failure at the system level.
Systems can be made robust by adding redundancy in all potential SPOFs. Redundancy can be achieved at various levels. Redundancy can be achieved at various levels. The assessment of a potential SPOF involves identifying the critical components of a complex system that would provoke a total systems failure in case of malfunction . [ 2 ]
The aim of high redundancy actuation is not to produce man-made muscles, but to use the same principle of cooperation in technical actuators to provide intrinsic fault tolerance. To achieve this, a high number of small actuator elements are assembled in parallel and in series to form one actuator (see Series and parallel circuits).
Byzantine fault tolerance is only concerned with broadcast consistency, that is, the property that when a component broadcasts a value to all the other components, they all receive exactly this same value, or in the case that the broadcaster is not consistent, the other components agree on a common value themselves.
TTEthernet (i.e. Ethernet switch with SAE AS6802) integrates a model of fault-tolerance and failure management [citation needed]. TTEthernet switch can implement a reliable redundancy management and dataflow (datastream) integration to assure message transmission even in case of a switch failure.