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2. Carry (arithmetic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_(arithmetic)

   Here, 7 − 9 = −2, so try (10 − 9) + 7 = 8, and the 10 is got by taking ("borrowing") 1 from the next digit to the left. There are two ways in which this is commonly taught: The ten is moved from the next digit left, leaving in this example 3 − 1 in the tens column. According to this method, the term "borrow" is a misnomer, since the ten ...

3. Subtraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtraction

   Both these methods break up the subtraction as a process of one digit subtractions by place value. Starting with a least significant digit, a subtraction of the subtrahend: s j s j−1... s 1. from the minuend m k m k−1... m 1, where each s i and m i is a digit, proceeds by writing down m 1 − s 1, m 2 − s 2, and so forth, as long as s i ...

4. Method of complements - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements

   The nines' complement of a number given in decimal representation is formed by replacing each digit with nine minus that digit. To subtract a decimal number y (the subtrahend) from another number x (the minuend) two methods may be used: In the first method, the nines' complement of x is added to y. Then the nines' complement of the result ...

5. Elementary arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic

   American schools teach a method of subtraction using borrowing. [11] A subtraction problem such as is solved by borrowing a 10 from the tens place to add to the ones place in order to facilitate the subtraction. Subtracting 9 from 6 involves borrowing a 10 from the tens place, making the problem into +. This is indicated by crossing out the 8 ...

6. Subtractor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtractor

   When a borrow out is generated, 2 is added in the current digit. (This is similar to the subtraction algorithm in decimal. Instead of adding 2, we add 10 when we borrow.) Therefore, = +. The truth table for the full subtractor is:

7. Standard algorithms - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_algorithms

   Standard algorithms are digit oriented, largely right-handed (begin operations with digits in the ones place), and focus on rules (Charles, [2] 2020). Below, the standard arithmetic algorithms for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are described.