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The largest volcano of Sumatra is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 mi) × 30 km (19 mi) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present). [2] The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the highest level for a volcanic eruption.
The eruption of 1963 was one of the largest and most devastating eruptions in Indonesia's history. On February 18, 1963, local residents heard loud explosions and saw clouds rising from the crater of Mount Agung. On February 24, lava began flowing down the northern slope of the mountain, eventually traveling 7 km in the next 20 days.
The most severe eruptions on Earth in historical times took place in Indonesia. In 1815, the giant eruption of Mount Tambora, a stratovolcano, became the largest known eruption in the world during historical times, and it had such a large effect on the climate that the following year, 1816, in Europe was known as the year without summer. 40 km 3 of ash were produced as a result of the eruption ...
The lake is about 100 kilometres (62 miles) long, 30 kilometres (19 mi) wide, and up to 505 metres (1,657 ft) deep. It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. [1] Toba Caldera is one of twenty geoparks in Indonesia, [2] and was recognised in July 2020 as one of the UNESCO Global Geoparks. [3] [4] [5]
A high volcanic cone with a single central vent formed before the 1815 eruption, which follows a stratovolcano shape. [17] The diameter at the base is 60 kilometres (37 mi). [7] The volcano frequently erupted lava, which descended over steep slopes. [17] Tambora has produced trachybasalt and trachyandesite rocks which are rich in potassium.
The Indonesian government will permanently relocate almost 10,000 residents after a series of explosive eruptions of the Ruang volcano has raised concerns about the dangers of residing on the ...
The Toba eruption (also called the Toba supereruption and the Youngest Toba eruption) was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 74,000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene, [2] at the site of present-day Lake Toba, in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Current topography of Sumbawa, Mt Tambora in the centre, the largest mountain The estimated volcanic ashfall regions during the 1815 eruption. The red areas show thickness of volcanic ash fall. The outermost region (1 cm (1 ⁄ 2 in) thickness) reached Borneo and Sulawesi.