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The inductive effect is the transmission of charge through covalent bonds and Bent's rule provides a mechanism for such results via differences in hybridisation. In the table below, [ 26 ] as the groups bonded to the central carbon become more electronegative, the central carbon becomes more electron-withdrawing as measured by the polar ...
Ether. The general structure of an ether. R and R' represent most organyl substituents. In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group —an oxygen atom bonded to two organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R−O−R′, where R and R′ represent the organyl groups.
Charge transfer coefficient. Charge transfer coefficient, and symmetry factor (symbols α and β, respectively) are two related parameters used in description of the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. They appear in the Butler–Volmer equation and related expressions. The symmetry factor and the charge transfer coefficient are ...
The pattern of weak isospin T 3, weak hypercharge Y W, and color charge of all known elementary particles, rotated by the weak mixing angle to show electric charge Q, roughly along the vertical. The neutral Higgs field (gray square) breaks the electroweak symmetry and interacts with other particles to give them mass.
C-symmetry. In physics, charge conjugation is a transformation that switches all particles with their corresponding antiparticles, thus changing the sign of all charges: not only electric charge but also the charges relevant to other forces. The term C-symmetry is an abbreviation of the phrase "charge conjugation symmetry", and is used in ...
The bond angle for water is 104.5°. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈvɛspər, vəˈsɛpər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər[2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [3] It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm ...
Luminiferous aether or ether[1] (luminiferous meaning 'light-bearing') was the postulated medium for the propagation of light. [2] It was invoked to explain the ability of the apparently wave -based light to propagate through empty space (a vacuum), something that waves should not be able to do. The assumption of a spatial plenum (space ...
Lorentz ether theory. What is now often called Lorentz ether theory (LET) has its roots in Hendrik Lorentz 's "theory of electrons", which marked the end of the development of the classical aether theories at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. Lorentz's initial theory was created between 1892 and 1895 and was based on ...