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Plane mirror. A plane mirror showing the virtual image of an urn nearby. A diagram of an object in two plane mirrors that formed an angle bigger than 90 degrees, causing the object to have three reflections. A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat (planar) reflective surface. [1][2] For light rays striking a plane mirror, the angle of reflection ...
Fourier optics begins with the homogeneous, scalar wave equation (valid in source-free regions): (,) = where is the speed of light and u(r,t) is a real-valued Cartesian component of an electromagnetic wave propagating through a free space (e.g., u(r, t) = E i (r, t) for i = x, y, or z where E i is the i-axis component of an electric field E in the Cartesian coordinate system).
Field curvature: the image "plane" (the arc) deviates from a flat surface (the vertical line). Petzval field curvature, named for Joseph Petzval, [1] describes the optical aberration in which a flat object normal to the optical axis (or a non-flat object past the hyperfocal distance) cannot be brought properly into focus on a flat image plane.
The Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm is an iterative phase retrieval algorithm for retrieving the phase of a complex-valued wavefront from two intensity measurements acquired in two different planes. [1] Typically, the two planes are the image plane and the far field (diffraction) plane, and the wavefront propagation between these two planes ...
Cardinal point (optics) In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. [1] For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size ...
The method of image charges (also known as the method of images and method of mirror charges) is a basic problem-solving tool in electrostatics.The name originates from the replacement of certain elements in the original layout with fictitious charges, which replicates the boundary conditions of the problem (see Dirichlet boundary conditions or Neumann boundary conditions).
The formation of the virtual image A' of the object A via a plane mirror. For people looking at the mirror, the object A is apparently located at the position of A' although it does not physically exist there. The magnification of the virtual image formed by the plane mirror is 1. Top: The formation of a virtual image using a diverging lens.
The term may also refer to Frustrated total internal reflection. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [ 1 ] is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas. An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range.