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A typical vertebra has a body (vertebral body), also known as the centrumwhich consists of a large anterior middle portion, and a posterior vertebral arch, [2] also called a neural arch. [3] The body is composed of cancellous bone , which is the spongy type of osseous tissue , whose microanatomy has been specifically studied within the pedicle ...
The spine is one of the main components of the central nervous system (CNS). This structure's function is to provide the body with support and to protect the spinal cord. The spinal cord serves 3 main functions for the body. It provides sensation, autonomic and motor control for all bodily functions and parts.
There are usually 21 denticulate ligaments on each side, with the uppermost pair occurring just below the foramen magnum, and the lowest pair occurring between spinal nerve roots of T12 and L1. [1] The denticulate ligaments are traditionally believed to provide stability for the spinal cord against motion within the vertebral column. [citation ...
[2] [3] In the neck region the ligaments are thin, but broad and long; they are thicker in the thoracic region, and thickest in the lumbar region. They are thinnest between the atlas bone (C1) and the axis bone (C2), and may be absent in some people. They become longer inferiorly in the cervical spine, as the distance between adjacent laminae ...
The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
The hypaxial muscles are located on the ventral side of the body, often below the horizontal septum in many species (primarily fish and amphibians). In all species, the hypaxial muscles are innervated by the ventral ramus (branch) of the spinal nerves, while the epaxial muscles are innervated by the dorsal ramus. [citation needed]
The greater sciatic notch is a notch in the ilium, one of the bones that make up the human pelvis.It lies between the posterior inferior iliac spine (above), and the ischial spine (below).
Side view of a typical cervical vertebra Despite greatly differing neck lengths, okapi (left) and giraffe (right) both have seven cervical vertebrae. The giraffe's neck is elongated by heterochrony , extension of the time for the embryonic development of these bones.