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Crystallographic image processing (CIP) is traditionally understood as being a set of key steps in the determination of the atomic structure of crystalline matter from high-resolution electron microscopy images obtained in a transmission electron microscope that is run in the parallel illumination mode.
The effect of the contrast transfer function can be seen in the alternating light and dark rings (Thon rings), which show the relation between contrast and spatial frequency. The contrast transfer function (CTF) mathematically describes how aberrations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) modify the image of a sample.
Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) [1] is a measure used to determine image quality. CNR is similar to the metric signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but subtracts a term before taking the ratio. This is important when there is a significant bias in an image, such as from haze. [ 2 ]
Often the contrast reduction is of most interest and the translation of the pattern can be ignored. The relative contrast is given by the absolute value of the optical transfer function, a function commonly referred to as the modulation transfer function (MTF). Its values indicate how much of the object's contrast is captured in the image as a ...
Using multi-well plates, robotics, and automated microscopy, the same assay can be applied to a large library of possible reagents (typically either small molecules or RNAi) very rapidly, obtaining thousands of images in a short amount of time. Due to the high volume of data generated, automatic image analysis is a necessity. [7]
Variant analysis: In the field of genetics and personalized medicine, sequence alignment visualization is used for variant analysis to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and other genetic variation. Visualization tools help researchers pinpoint specific variations in genomic sequences and assess their ...
Fitting the curve to the 16 data points would give the height of the fluorophores above the oxide surface. The basic analysis involves fitting the intensity data with the theoretical model allowing the distance of the fluorophore above the oxide surface to be a free parameter. The FLIC curves shift to the left as the distance of the fluorophore ...
In the field of transmission electron microscopy, phase-contrast imaging may be employed to image columns of individual atoms; a more common name is high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is the highest resolution imaging technique ever developed, and can allow for resolutions of less than one angstrom (less than 0.1 nanometres).