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In the same 2006 report, the AAUW also found effects from sexual harassment on male and LGBT students: 35% of male college students reported feeling very or somewhat upset about being sexually harassed. 61% of male students reported feeling not very upset or not at all upset about experiencing sexual harassment.
Nationwide, there was a 2348% increase in hotline calls from 150,000 in 1963 to 3.3 million in 2009. [7] In 2011, there were 3.4 million calls. [8] From 1992 to 2009 in the US, substantiated cases of sexual abuse declined 62%, physical abuse decreased 56% and neglect 10%.
As a consequence of social rejections and insensitivities to acknowledging trauma or violence, individuals are increasingly apt to continue not reporting. [15] This can be detrimental to victims’ mental health, as sexual violence often happens more than once and not reporting violence helps to maintain a repeated cycle of abuse. [16]
Reasons for not reporting include fear of reprisal, shame, uncertainty about whether a crime was committed, or a belief that an incident was not sufficiently serious enough to report. As a result, researchers generally rely on surveys to measure sexual violence that is not reported to the police.
The criteria for reporting vary significantly based on jurisdiction. [11] Typically, mandatory reporting applies to people who have reason to suspect the abuse or neglect of a child, but it can also apply to people who suspect abuse or neglect of a dependent adult or the elderly, [12] or to any members of society (sometimes called Universal Mandatory Reporting [UMR]).
NBC 5 has learned that at least three students have been suspended for not allegedly reporting their classmate brought a gun to school, according to the parents of two affected students.
Under-reporting usually refers to some issue, incident, statistic, etc., that individuals, responsible agencies, or news media have not reported, or have reported as less than the actual level or amount. Under-reporting of crimes, for example, makes it hard to figure the actual incidence of crimes. Under-reporting is a failure in data reporting.
Psychologists and social workers report that severe or chronic sexual harassment can have the same psychological effects as rape or sexual assault. [113] For example, in 1995, Judith Coflin committed suicide after chronic sexual harassment by her bosses and coworkers.