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Sodium bicarbonate 8.4%, 13 mL; Potassium chloride (2 mEq/mL), 13 mL; Lidocaine 1%, 13 mL; Oxygenated whole blood is then added at a four-part crystalloid to one-part whole blood ratio, typically using the Heart-lung machine's circuit as it is delivered to the patient.
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate, is a medication primarily used to treat severe metabolic acidosis. [2] For this purpose it is generally only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when the underlying cause is either diarrhea , vomiting , or the kidneys . [ 3 ]
Bicarbonate ions constitute 48% of river water solutes but only 0.14% for seawater. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Differences like these are due to the varying residence times of seawater solutes; sodium and chloride have very long residence times, while calcium (vital for carbonate formation) tends to precipitate much more quickly. [ 15 ]