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The total volume of the hippocampus is also reduced. [2] The reduced volume arises from neuronal cell loss, and increased signal arises from gliosis. [2] The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (18F-FDG) scan may show decreased glucose metabolism in the temporal lobe with hippocampal atrophy. [2]
In adult humans the volume of the hippocampus on each side of the brain is about 3.0 to 3.5 cm 3 as compared to 320 to 420 cm 3 for the volume of the neocortex. [ 157 ] There is also a general relationship between the size of the hippocampus and spatial memory.
Cerebral atrophy can be hard to distinguish from hydrocephalus because both cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus involve an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume. In cerebral atrophy, this increase in CSF volume comes as a result of the decrease in cortical volume. In hydrocephalus, the increase in volume happens due to the CSF itself. [20]
In a significant proportion of persons with LATE-NC, there is atrophy, cell loss and astrogliosis in the hippocampus, diagnosable at autopsy (and somewhat less specifically via MRI during life) as hippocampal sclerosis. [19] Brains with LATE-NC and hippocampal sclerosis are relatively more affected clinically than those with LATE-NC alone. [20]
At times, if a seizure specifically affects the hippocampus, the individual afflicted can encode memory; however, that memory rapidly extinguishes. [8] Accompanying the onset of epilepsies is hippocampal sclerosis, also known as Ammon's horn sclerosis. Individuals afflicted suffer unilateral volume loss, as evidenced by MRI scans. [9]
encouraging weight loss in people with obesity. ... They also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to assess cerebral white matter lesions, hippocampal volume, and total brain volume.
Subjects in the low intensity stretching group who had higher fitness levels at baseline showed less hippocampal volume loss, providing evidence for exercise being protective against age-related cognitive decline. [37] In general, individuals that exercise more over a given period have greater hippocampal volumes and better memory function. [5]
The hippocampus' right side is more oriented towards responding to spatial aspects, whereas the left side is associated with other context information. Also, there is evidence that experience in building extensive mental maps, such as driving a city taxi for a long time (since this requires considerable memorization of routes), can increase the ...