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The Grand Calumet River is a 13.0-mile-long (20.9 km) [3] river that flows primarily into Lake Michigan. Originating in Miller Beach in Gary , it flows through the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond , as well as Calumet City and Burnham on the Illinois side.
Today, Calumet is notable as a site of many habitat restoration projects. The area contains many endangered dune, Swale, and moraine based ecosystems. [4] Many Forest Preserve District of Cook County sites, such as Powderhorn Prairie, 95th/Dan Ryan Woods, and Eggers Grove are being restored under the care of volunteer stewards. [5]
The Indiana Department of Natural Resources began a project in the 2010s to counteract the invasion of invasive plants and restore the larger Grand Calumet River area as a nesting and foraging habitat for birds. The restoration involves a combination of herbicide applications to kill the invasive species followed by re-seeding with native plants.
The Calumet River, on the south side of Chicago, originally simply drained Lake Calumet to Lake Michigan. A canal extending it, legendarily claimed to have been created by voyageurs at the site of a frequent portage, was dug connecting the two Calumet Rivers at the point where the name now changes from Grand to Little.
Powderhorn Lake drains into the Grand Calumet River, which is historically part of the Lake Michigan watershed. Man-made engineering now moves the Grand Calumet River’s water into the Cal-Sag canal and valley system, which drains into the Des Plaines River and ultimately into the Illinois River. [2]
The location of the new lock and dam 7 miles (11 km) upstream from the old controlling works at Blue Island was chosen to improve the ability to control backflow events into the lake during heavy storms from the polluting industries along the Grand Calumet River and Little Calumet River and the outfall of the Calumet Water Reclamation Plant. [5]
The mass fish kill of 2002, estimated at up to 70,000 salmon, became a defining event for a generation of young Native activists — a moment that showed the river ecosystem was gravely ill, and ...
Miller Woods is also the only part of the National Park that also adjoins the Grand Calumet River. The northern part of Miller Woods adjoins Lake Michigan, and includes foredunes and high dunes, as well as blowouts and pannes. The southern and larger part of Miller Woods consists of rolling ridge and swale, with beach ridges dominated by oak ...