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where f (2k−1) is the (2k − 1)th derivative of f and B 2k is the (2k)th Bernoulli number: B 2 = 1 / 6 , B 4 = − + 1 / 30 , and so on. Setting f ( x ) = x , the first derivative of f is 1, and every other term vanishes, so [ 15 ]
The first four partial sums of 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ⋯. In mathematics, 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ⋯ is the infinite series whose terms are the successive powers of two. As a geometric series, it is characterized by its first term, 1, and its common ratio, 2. As a series of real numbers it diverges to infinity, so the sum of this series is infinity.
Simplification is the process of replacing a mathematical expression by an equivalent one that is simpler (usually shorter), according to a well-founded ordering. Examples include:
The formula is still valid if x is a complex number, and is also called Euler's formula in this more general case. [1] Euler's formula is ubiquitous in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and engineering. The physicist Richard Feynman called the equation "our jewel" and "the most remarkable formula in mathematics". [2]
3 0 sin + 2 x 3 0 cos = The 1 + 2 × 3 {\displaystyle 1+2\times 3} examples have been given twice. The first version is for simple calculators, showing how it is necessary to rearrange operands in order to get the correct result.
In integral calculus, Euler's formula for complex numbers may be used to evaluate integrals involving trigonometric functions. Using Euler's formula, any trigonometric function may be written in terms of complex exponential functions, namely e i x {\displaystyle e^{ix}} and e − i x {\displaystyle e^{-ix}} and then integrated.
To compute the irradiance in the direction normal to the interface, as we shall require in the definition of the power transmission coefficient, we could use only the x component (rather than the full xy component) of H or E or, equivalently, simply multiply EH/2 by the proper geometric factor, obtaining (E 2 /2Z) cos θ.
Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6), ribose (C 5 H 10 O 5), Acetic acid (C 2 H 4 O 2), and formaldehyde (CH 2 O) all have different molecular formulas but the same empirical formula: CH 2 O.This is the actual molecular formula for formaldehyde, but acetic acid has double the number of atoms, ribose has five times the number of atoms, and glucose has six times the number of atoms.