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From the time of Plato through the Middle Ages, the quadrivium (plural: quadrivia [2]) was a grouping of four subjects or arts—arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy—that formed a second curricular stage following preparatory work in the trivium, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric.
Etymologically, the Latin word trivium means "the place where three roads meet" (tri + via); hence, the subjects of the trivium are the foundation for the quadrivium, the upper (or "further") division of the medieval education in the liberal arts, which consists of arithmetic (numbers as abstract concepts), geometry (numbers in space), music (numbers in time), and astronomy (numbers in space ...
At its core, classical education is centered on the study of the liberal arts, which historically comprised the trivium (grammar, rhetoric, and logic) and the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy). This educational model aimed to cultivate well-rounded individuals equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to engage in ...
By the end of the 18th century, in addition to the trivium and quadrivium of the Middle Ages, the definition of a classical education embraced study of literature, poetry, drama, philosophy, history, art, and languages.
While the arts of the quadrivium might have appeared prior to the arts of the trivium, by the Middle Ages educational programmes taught the trivium (grammar, logic, and rhetoric) first while the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy) were the following stage of education. [13] Allegory of the seven liberal arts, The Phoebus Foundation
Since Cassiodorus's educational program, the standard curriculum incorporated religious studies, the Trivium, and the Quadrivium. In some places monastic schools evolved into medieval universities which eventually largely superseded both institutions as centers of higher learning. [2]
The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. The quadrivium was taught after the preparatory work of the trivium and would lead to the degree of Master of Arts. [ 33 ] The curriculum came also to include the three Aristotelian philosophies: physics , metaphysics and moral philosophy .
She is the author of several books including The Trivium (1937), a text she developed as part of the core curriculum of Saint Mary's College. In her preface to the 1947 edition, she writes, "This book owes its inception .. to professor Mortimer J. Adler of the University of Chicago , whose inspiration and instruction gave it initial impulse."