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Drawing of Death bringing the cholera, in Le Petit Journal (1912).. The sixth cholera pandemic (1899–1923) was a major outbreak of cholera beginning in India, where it killed more than 800,000 people, and spreading to the Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia.
Deaths in India between 1817 and 1860 in the first three pandemics of the nineteenth century, are estimated to have exceeded 15 million people. Another 23 million died between 1865 and 1917, during the next three pandemics. Cholera deaths in the Russian Empire during a similar time period exceeded 2 million. [5]
According to Colwell, the quality and inclusiveness of a country's health care system affects the control of cholera, as it did in the Zimbabwean cholera outbreak. [22] While sanitation practices are important, when governments respond quickly and have readily available vaccines, the country will have a lower cholera death toll.
Pages in category "Deaths from cholera" ... Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; Thomas Augustine Hendrick; George Hodson (priest) Hon'inbō Shūsaku; Hossein Ali Mirza;
[15] [20] Cholera reached the Pacific coast of North America by 1834, reaching into the center of the country by steamboat and other river traffic. [21] The third cholera pandemic began in 1846 and lasted until 1860. It hit Russia hardest, with over one million deaths. In 1846, cholera struck Mecca, killing over 15,000. [22]
The pandemic reappeared in 1891 and originated in Bengal when 60,000 Hindu pilgrims arrived at a small village to celebrate a bathing festival unknown to the authorities. The pilgrims caused new immense cholera outbreaks in northern India during 1891, with more than 580,000 cholera deaths in Assam, Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. [17]
Two vaccine doses with a 1–6 week interval are typically recommended. [10] The duration of protection is at least two years in adults and six months in children aged 1–5 years. [ 10 ] A live, attenuated single-dose oral vaccine is available for those traveling to an area where cholera is common but is not WHO approved for public health use.
The deaths of more than 1,100 people in New York City in 1866 resulted in the establishment of the New York Metropolitan Board of Health. [ 8 ] In 1867, Italy lost 113,000 to cholera, and 80,000 died of the disease in Algeria . [ 3 ]