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The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium). Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg suggests blocked arteries due to peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Measurement is done with the patient lying flat, with feet at heart level, using sphygmomanometry: the big toe is slightly emptied of blood by squeezing, and a small cuff is inflated around the base of the toe. Cuff pressure is then slowly lowered until flow can be detected in the distal part of the toe, e.g. by optical means (photocell), by ...
Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) assesses peripheral vascular disease. It may however be unreliable in patients with calcified arteries in the calf (often diabetic patients) or those with extensive oedema , in which case toe pressure or Toe-brachial pressure index (TBPI) should be measured to aid in the diagnosis.
Ischemia is graded 0 through 3 based on ABI, ankle systolic pressure, and toe pressure. [66] Grade 0: ABI ≥0.80, ankle systolic pressure ≥100 mm Hg, toe pressure ≥60 mm Hg; Grade 1: arterial brachial index 0.6 to 0.79, ankle systolic pressure 70 to 100 mm Hg, toe pressure 40 to 59 mm Hg; Grade 2: ABI 0.4–0.59, ankle systolic pressure 50 ...
Intravascular pressure measurement of intrathoracic arteries ( 00.68 ) Intravascular pressure measurement of peripheral arteries ( 00.7 ) Other hip procedures
Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (including Current Procedural Terminology) (for outpatient use; used in United States) ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) (for inpatient use; used in United States) ICD-9-CM Volume 3 (subset of ICD-9-CM) (formerly used in United States prior to the introduction of the ICD-10-PCS)
Hill test or Hill’s test is the measurement of systolic blood pressure both in arms and ankles. If the difference in pressure is more than 20 mmHg it suggests aortic insufficiency , a valvular heart disease .
The test takes about 45 minutes. Results are reported either as the absolute values of the tissue in question (in mmHg ) or as a ratio of the tissue in question to the control tissue. The normal oxygen tension in the foot is approximately 60 mmHg, and the normal chest/foot ratio is approximately 0.9. [ 2 ]