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Phototoxicity, also called photoirritation, is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring light, that does not involve the immune system. [1] It is a type of photosensitivity. [1] [2] The skin response resembles an exaggerated sunburn.
Photosensitive drug reaction secondary to medications may cause phototoxic, photoallergic, and lichenoid reactions, and photodistributed telangiectasias, as well as pseudoporphyria. [1]: 121 Drugs involved include naproxen and doxycycline.
Doxycycline can cause gastrointestinal upset. [70] [71] Oral doxycycline can cause pill esophagitis, particularly when it is swallowed without adequate fluid, or by persons with difficulty swallowing or impaired mobility. [72] Doxycycline is less likely than other antibiotic drugs to cause Clostridioides difficile colitis. [73]
Sunlight, especially its ultraviolet radiation component, can cause increased or additional types of damage in predisposed individuals, such as those taking certain phototoxic drugs, or those with certain conditions associated with photosensitivity, including: Psoriasis [5] Atopic eczema [5] Mastocytosis; Mast cell activation syndrome ...
With multiple sclerosis, inflammation settles in the central nervous system after immune cells attack the coating on nerves; lupus can cause inflammation in the heart, brain, kidney, and other organs.
Para-aminobenzoic acid , found in some sunscreens, can also cause photosensitivity. Upon exposure to light, notably light containing ultraviolet radiation, discolouration of the skin (whether as inflammation, lightening or darkening) or rashes may result. In extreme cases, blistering may also occur.
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicity .
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...