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Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is a set of standards designed to work on either a GSM core network or the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. The framework provides tools for operators to define additional features for standard GSM services/UMTS services.
The CAMEL Application Part (CAP) is a signalling protocol used in the Intelligent Network (IN) architecture. CAP is a Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE) user protocol, and as such is layered on top of the Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) of the SS#7 protocol suite.
O-BCSM (Originating BCSM) T-BCSM (Terminating BCSM) A fundamental concept for IN control is the basic call state model (BCSM). When a call is processed by an exchange, the call goes through a number of pre-defined phases.
The IDP receives a message (IDP Message) initiated by the SSP (service switching point) and transmitted to the service control point SCP via the INAP protocol. The Service Switching Point (SSP) receives a message (ISUP Message) initiated by the Calling Party, this could be an IAM (Initial Address Message). The SSP evaluates the nature of the ...
In cellular networks based on ANSI standards (currently CDMA2000, in the past AMPS, IS-136 and cdmaOne) plays the role of the MAP a similar protocol usually called IS-41 or ANSI-41 (ANSI MAP). Since 2000 it is maintained by 3GPP2 as N.S0005 and since 2004 it is named 3GPP2 X.S0004.
A large brawl which appeared to involve at least a dozen fans broke out at a men’s college basketball game between Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) and Saint Louis University (SLU) on ...
Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is a set of telephony signaling protocols developed in the 1970s that is used to setup and teardown telephone calls on most parts of the global public switched telephone network (PSTN). The protocol also performs number translation, local number portability, prepaid billing, Short Message Service (SMS), and other ...
This new study was actually a study of studies. It pooled the one study called “INT-41”—which had the largest number of participants and the worst results and had devoted what those who conducted it called “special attention to prolactin”—with four smaller, more general studies that had produced less troubling numbers.