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Proponents of aerobic granular sludge technology claim "it will play an important role as an innovative technology alternative to the present activated sludge process in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in the near future" [1] and that it "can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants". [2]
The oxidation of the ammonium to nitrogen gas has been achieved with attached growth and suspended growth wastewater treatment processes. The most common bacteria responsible for the two step conversion are the autotrophic organisms, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, and many different heterotrophs.
Wolf Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant in Foley, Alabama [1] Aerobic granular reactors (AGR) or Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) are a community of microbial organisms, typically around 0.5-3mm in diameter, that remove carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a single sludge system. It can also be used for wastewater treatments.
The ATS process generally consists of the following phases: [2] Pre-treatment stage to remove large solids and other undesirable substances. Aeration stage, where aerobic bacteria digest biological wastes. Settling stage allows undigested solids to settle. This forms a sludge that must be periodically removed from the system.
Suspended-growth systems include activated sludge, which is an aerobic treatment system, based on the maintenance and recirculation of a complex biomass composed of micro-organisms (bacteria and protozoa) able to absorb and adsorb the organic matter carried in the wastewater. Constructed wetlands are also being used.
There are two main types of submerged diffused aeration systems for lagoon applications: floating lateral and submerged lateral. Both these systems utilize fine or medium bubble diffusers to provide aeration and mixing to the process water. The diffusers can be suspended slightly above the lagoon floor or may rest on the bottom.
The end products of an aerobic process are primarily carbon dioxide and water which are the stable, oxidised forms of carbon and hydrogen. If the biodegradable starting material contains nitrogen , phosphorus and sulfur , then the end products may also include their oxidised forms- nitrate , phosphate and sulfate . [ 1 ]
Activated sludge tank at Beckton sewage treatment plant, UK.The white bubbles are due to the diffused air aeration system. The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.