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In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is the surface in reciprocal space which separates occupied electron states from unoccupied electron states at zero temperature. [1] The shape of the Fermi surface is derived from the periodicity and symmetry of the crystalline lattice and from the occupation of electronic energy bands.
The electrons near the Fermi surface couple strongly with the phonons of 'nesting' wave number Q = 2k F. The 2 k F mode thus becomes softened as a result of the electron-phonon interaction. [ 6 ] The 2 k F phonon mode frequency decreases with decreasing temperature, and finally goes to zero at the Peierls transition temperature.
In condensed matter physics, quantum oscillations describes a series of related experimental techniques used to map the Fermi surface of a metal in the presence of a strong magnetic field. [1] These techniques are based on the principle of Landau quantization of Fermions moving in a magnetic field. [2]
In mathematics and solid state physics, the first Brillouin zone (named after Léon Brillouin) is a uniquely defined primitive cell in reciprocal space. In the same way the Bravais lattice is divided up into Wigner–Seitz cells in the real lattice, the reciprocal lattice is broken up into Brillouin zones. The boundaries of this cell are given ...
This spacing is called the electron affinity (note that this has a different meaning than the electron affinity of chemistry); in silicon for example the electron affinity is 4.05 eV. [16] If the electron affinity E EA and the surface's band-referenced Fermi level E F-E C are known, then the work function is given by
The Fermi energy surface in reciprocal space is known as the Fermi surface. The nearly free electron model adapts the Fermi gas model to consider the crystal structure of metals and semiconductors , where electrons in a crystal lattice are substituted by Bloch electrons with a corresponding crystal momentum .
The Fermi energy is an important concept in the solid state physics of metals and superconductors. It is also a very important quantity in the physics of quantum liquids like low temperature helium (both normal and superfluid 3 He), and it is quite important to nuclear physics and to understanding the stability of white dwarf stars against ...
The Fermi level of a solid-state body is the thermodynamic work required to add one electron to the body. It is a thermodynamic quantity usually denoted by μ or E F [1] for brevity. The Fermi level does not include the work required to remove the electron from wherever it came from.