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Cytarabine, also known as cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), is a chemotherapy medication used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [2] It is given by injection into a vein, under the skin, or into the cerebrospinal fluid. [2]
Ovarian cancer, lung cancer and squamous cell head and neck cancer: Myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting (30-90%), peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, anaphylaxis, acute kidney failure (rare), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (rare) and loss of vision (rare). Cisplatin: IV: Reacts with DNA, inducing apoptosis, non-cell cycle specific.
Dasatinib, sold under the brand name Sprycel among others, is a targeted therapy medication used to treat certain cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). [3] Specifically it is used to treat cases that are Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+). [3] It is taken by mouth. [3]
Asciminib, sold under the brand name Scemblix, is a medication used to treat Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML). [5] [7] [8] Asciminib is a protein kinase inhibitor. [5] The most common adverse reactions include upper respiratory tract infections, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, nausea, rash, and diarrhea. [7]
Nilotinib is used to treat Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+)-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia. [3] [6] It is indicated for the treatment of newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase; [3] [5] adults with chronic phase and accelerated phase Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia resistant to or intolerant to prior therapy that ...
Cyclophosphamide is used to treat cancers and autoimmune diseases. It is used to quickly control the disease. Due to its toxicity, it is replaced as soon as possible by less toxic drugs. Regular and frequent laboratory evaluations are required to monitor kidney function, avoid drug-induced bladder complications and screen for bone marrow toxicity.
The treatment options for imatinib resistant or intolerant CML patients may include strategies such as increasing the dose of imatinib or the use of second-generation drugs. Escalation of imatinib-doses has shown to overcome some cases of primary resistance to imatinib, such as Bcr-Abl duplication, but the response is usually short acting. [ 2 ]
Venetoclax is also indicated as part of a combination therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [7] For this purpose it is used with azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed adults who are age 75 years or older, or those with other health problems where intensive chemotherapy cannot be used.
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