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Tea tree oil, also known as melaleuca oil, is an essential oil with a fresh, camphoraceous odour and a colour that ranges from pale yellow to nearly colourless and clear. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is derived from the leaves of the tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia , native to southeast Queensland and the northeast coast of New South Wales , Australia.
Melaleuca alternifolia is notable for its essential oil, which has antifungal and antibiotic properties in vitro. [30] [31] Though it is safe for topical applications, [32] tea tree oil is toxic if ingested orally. [30] The oil is produced on a commercial scale and marketed as tea tree oil. [33]
A primary constituent of tea tree oil, [1] it is obtained as an extract from the leaves, branches, and bark of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. [2] [3] [4] Despite considerable basic and preliminary clinical research of terpinen-4-ol and tea tree oil, its biological properties and potential for clinical uses have not been established as of 2019. [2]
There are many different types of this houseplant, commonly known as corn plant or dragon tree. They all contain saponins , which can cause bloody vomiting and hypersalivation. CoinUp - Getty Images
Chocolate is another ingredient dogs may ingest when counter surfing. The signs of chocolate poisoning usually appear within six to 12 hours, and symptoms can be wide ranging: vomiting, diarrhea ...
If a dog has not eaten and has an empty stomach when ingesting zinc phosphide, signs may not be apparent for up to 12 hours. [23] Strychnine is another rodenticide that is dangerous and causes similar reactions to zinc phosphide exposure. If a dog survives 24–48 hours after this type of poisoning, they generally recover well. [24]
The ingestion of neem oil is potentially toxic and can cause metabolic acidosis, seizures, kidney failure, encephalopathy and severe brain ischemia in infants and young children. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Neem oil should not be consumed alone without any other solutions, particularly by pregnant women, women trying to conceive or children. [ 2 ]
All parts of this tree, including the fruit, contain toxic phorbol esters typical of the Euphorbiaceae. Specifically the tree contains 12-deoxy-5-hydroxyphorbol-6gamma, 7alpha-oxide, hippomanins, mancinellin, sapogenin, and phloracetophenone-2, and 4-dimethylether is present in the leaves, while the fruits possess physostigmine. [134]