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Hence another name is the group of primitive residue classes modulo n. In the theory of rings , a branch of abstract algebra , it is described as the group of units of the ring of integers modulo n .
Time-keeping on this clock uses arithmetic modulo 12. Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus.
A residue numeral system (RNS) is a numeral system representing integers by their values modulo several pairwise coprime integers called the moduli. This representation is allowed by the Chinese remainder theorem, which asserts that, if M is the product of the moduli, there is, in an interval of length M, exactly one integer having any given set of modular values.
Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for certain equivalence classes of integers, called congruence classes. Sometimes it is suggestively called 'clock arithmetic', where numbers 'wrap around' after they reach a certain value (the modulus). For example, when the modulus is 12, then any two numbers that leave the same ...
The multiplicative order of a number a modulo n is the order of a in the multiplicative group whose elements are the residues modulo n of the numbers coprime to n, and whose group operation is multiplication modulo n. This is the group of units of the ring Z n; it has φ(n) elements, φ being Euler's totient function, and is denoted as U(n) or ...
The corresponding addition and multiplication of equivalence classes is known as modular arithmetic. From the point of view of abstract algebra, congruence modulo n {\displaystyle n} is a congruence relation on the ring of integers, and arithmetic modulo n {\displaystyle n} occurs on the corresponding quotient ring .
In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation. Given two positive numbers a and n , a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n ) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n , where a is the dividend and n is the divisor .