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Also included is the number of unique sovereign states [a] that a country or territory shares as neighbors. If the number is higher due to multiple dependencies or unrecognized states bordering the state, the larger number is shown in brackets. Footnotes are provided to provide clarity regarding the status of certain countries and territories.
The list includes all countries listed in the List of countries, the French overseas departments, the Spanish and Portuguese overseas regions and inhabited overseas dependencies. See List of extinct countries, empires, etc. and Former countries in Europe after 1815 for articles about countries that are no longer in existence.
Below are separate lists of countries and dependencies with their land boundaries, and lists of which countries and dependencies border oceans and major seas. The first short section describes the borders or edges of continents and oceans/major seas. Disputed areas are not considered.
France (Metropolitan France) Lavezzi Islands Puig de Comanegra (mainland) 41°20′N 42°20′N Mongolia: Border with China: 41°34′N Canada: Middle Island, Ontario Point Pelee (mainland) 41°41′N 41°57′N Serbia: Restelica (including Kosovo) Miratovac (excluding Kosovo) 41°48′N 42°13′N Montenegro: Ada Bojana Island, Ulcinj municipality
Distinct Land Borders: Refers to the number of separate geographic boundaries a country shares with its neighbors. A single country may have multiple distinct land borders with the same neighbour (e.g., due to enclaves, exclaves, or disconnected regions). Distinct Land Neighbours: Refers to the number of unique countries a nation borders via land.
Laos, [c] officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR or LPDR), [d] is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. [ 12 ]
World map of the five-ocean model with approximate boundaries. This list of countries which border two or more oceans includes both sovereign states and dependencies, provided the same contiguous territory borders on more than one of the five named oceans, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. [1]
France and China had already determined the border between Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and China in 1887 following the Sino-French War. [3] Laos was then added to the colony in 1893 following the Franco-Siamese crisis, and a border agreement delimiting the China-Laos boundary at its current position was signed on 20 June 1895.