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Quotaism [1] [2] [3] is the concept of organizing society by a quota system, whether by racial, gender, language or another demographic attribute. Examples of quotas include gender quotas, racial quota, and reservations. The basic premise is to have demographics represented at all levels and aspects of the civilization according to national ...
The Quota System (also known as The Quod), introduced by Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger in 1795, required each British county to provide a quota of men for the Royal Navy, based on its population and the number of its seaports: London, for example, had to provide 5,704 quotamen while Yorkshire had to provide 1,081.
Quota System can refer to: Quota System (Royal Navy), a system in place from 1791 to 1815 for manning British naval ships; Reservation in India, quota systems in India favoring lower castes, women, religious minorities, indigenous peoples, and others; Quota Borda system; Racial quota, in hiring minorities; Quotaism; Import quota, in trade ...
The threshold used is the Droop quota; in a single-seat constituency, the quota is an absolute majority, i.e., more than half of the valid vote; in a 2-seat constituency, it is the smallest number more than a third; in a 3-seat, it's the smallest number more than one fourth; and in a 4-seat constituency, it is the smallest number greater than ...
Opponents of quotas object that one group is favored at the expense of another whenever a quota is invoked rather than factors such as grade point averages or test scores. They argue that using quotas displaces individuals that would normally be favored based on their individual achievements.
There are two commonly-used quotas: the Hare and Droop quotas.The Hare quota is unbiased in the number of seats it hands out, and so is more proportional than the Droop quota (which tends to be biased towards larger parties); [2] [3] however, the Droop quota guarantees that a party that wins a majority of votes in a district will win a majority of the seats in the district.
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The choice of quota affects the properties of the corresponding largest remainder method, and particularly the seat bias. Smaller quotas allow small parties to pick up seats, while larger quotas leave behind more votes. A somewhat counterintuitive result of this is that a larger quota will always be more favorable to smaller parties. [6]