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The closest system is Alpha Centauri, with Proxima Centauri as the closest star in that system, at 4.2465 light-years from Earth. The brightest, most massive and most luminous object among those 131 is Sirius A , which is also the brightest star in Earth's night sky ; its white dwarf companion Sirius B is the hottest object among them.
The Earth's orbit is known with an absolute precision of a few meters and a relative precision of a few parts in 100 billion (1 × 10 −11). Historically, observations of Venus transits were crucial in determining the AU; in the first half of the 20th century, observations of asteroids were also important.
Prominent stars in the neighborhood of the Sun (center) This list of nearest bright stars is a table of stars found within 15 parsecs (48.9 light-years) of the nearest star, the Sun, that have an absolute magnitude of +8.5 or brighter, which is approximately comparable to a listing of stars more luminous than a red dwarf.
The largest unit for expressing distances across space at that time was the astronomical unit, equal to the radius of the Earth's orbit at 150 million kilometres (93 million miles). In those terms, trigonometric calculations based on 61 Cygni's parallax of 0.314 arcseconds, showed the distance to the star to be 660 000 astronomical units (9.9 ...
This is a list of the nearest supergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 1,100 light-years (340 parsecs) from Earth. Some of the brightest stars in the night sky, such as Rigel and Antares, are in the list. While supergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes Ia, Iab or Ib, other definitions exist, such as ...
Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type. The scope of the list is still restricted to the main sequence spectral types: M , K , F , G , A , B and O . It may be later expanded to other types, such as S , D or C .
The last stars in the list are familiar nearby stars put there for comparison, and not among the most luminous known. It may also interest the reader to know that the Sun is more luminous than approximately 95% of all known stars in the local neighbourhood (out to, say, a few hundred light years), due to enormous numbers of somewhat less ...
0.03 [10] The nearest yellow giant , together with Capella A. With a magnitude of 0.08, [ 11 ] the Capella star system is the 6th-brightest star in the night sky.