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A lethal infection in mink, the Aleutian disease virus lies dormant in ferrets until stress or injury allows it to surface. While the parvovirus itself causes little or no harm to the ferret host, the large number of antibodies produced in response to the presence of the virus results in a systemic vasculitis, resulting in eventual renal failure, bone marrow suppression and death. [10]
The virus replicates in the cells of the crypt epithelium in the duodenum and jejunum and, to a lesser extent the ileum, colon and caecum. The severity of the disease is directly related to necrosis of the crypt epithelium. [2] Virus enteritis of mink was recognized first in 1947 when epizootics occurred among ranch mink in southern Canada.
The first known transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among wild mink was reported in Utah, which researchers believed was due to contact with infected captive mink rather than through an intermediary vector in the wild or direct human-to-mink transmission. [1]
To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane. A hole forms in the cell membrane, then the virus particle or its genetic contents are released into the host cell, where replication of the viral genome may commence.
Viruses may undergo two types of life cycles: the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the virus introduces its genome into a host cell and initiates replication by hijacking the host's cellular machinery to make new copies of the virus. [12] In the lysogenic life cycle, the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome.
The new COVID variant also infected a person who had close contact with local deer, potentially marking the first instance of deer-to-human transmission. [15] [16] The last time that a relative of this viral clade had been seen was 10–12 months prior, within humans and mink, across the international border in Michigan. Researchers believed ...
The next stage of the viral life cycle is called viral replication. During this stage, the virus takes over the host cell's machinery to cause the cell to create more viral proteins and assemble more viruses. Once the cell has produced a sufficient number of viruses, the virus enters the viral shedding stage. During this stage, viruses leave ...
Vector transmission: the virus is picked up by a carrier and brought to a new host (an example is viral encephalitis) [35] Waterborne transmission: the virus leaves a host and enters the water, where a new host consumes the water (an example is the poliovirus) [36] Sit-and-wait-transmission: the virus is living outside a host for long periods ...