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A solid figure is the region of 3D space bounded by a two-dimensional closed surface; for example, a solid ball consists of a sphere and its interior. Solid geometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solids, including pyramids , prisms (and other polyhedrons ), cubes , cylinders , cones (and truncated cones ).
Crystalline solid: A solid in which atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in regular order. Quasicrystal: A solid in which the positions of the atoms have long-range order, but this is not in a repeating pattern. Different structural phases of polymorphic materials are considered to be different states of matter in the Landau theory.
Each Platonic solid can therefore be assigned a pair {p, q} of integers, where p is the number of edges (or, equivalently, vertices) of each face, and q is the number of faces (or, equivalently, edges) that meet at each vertex. This pair {p, q}, called the Schläfli symbol, gives a combinatorial description of the polyhedron. The Schläfli ...
Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume (assuming no change in temperature or air pressure) and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume (assuming no change in temperature or air pressure), but has a variable shape that adapts ...
The definitions and results in this section are taken from the 1913 text Plane and Solid Geometry by George A. Wentworth and David Eugene Smith (Wentworth & Smith 1913).. A cylindrical surface is a surface consisting of all the points on all the lines which are parallel to a given line and which pass through a fixed plane curve in a plane not parallel to the given line.
Illustration of a solid of revolution, which the volume of rotated g(x) subtracts the volume of rotated f(x). The calculation of volume is a vital part of integral calculus. One of which is calculating the volume of solids of revolution, by rotating a plane curve around a line on the same plane.
The solid angle of a sphere measured from any point in its interior is 4 π sr. The solid angle subtended at the center of a cube by one of its faces is one-sixth of that, or 2 π /3 sr. The solid angle subtended at the corner of a cube (an octant) or spanned by a spherical octant is π /2 sr, one-eight of the solid angle of a sphere. [1]
In the early universe, it is thought that matter and antimatter were equally represented, and the disappearance of antimatter requires an asymmetry in physical laws called CP (charge–parity) symmetry violation, which can be obtained from the Standard Model, [51] but at this time the apparent asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible ...