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VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. [3] Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.
Flight under SVFR is only allowed in controlled airspace, and always requires clearance from air traffic control (ATC). [4] It usually happens when the aircraft is inside controlled airspace, and the local weather is less than the minimums required for flight under visual flight rules (VFR) within the airspace in question.
VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.
VFR over-the-top; VFR-on-top; Visual approach; Visual meteorological conditions This page was last edited on 20 January 2025, at 01:36 (UTC). ... Visual flight rules.
The US rules require the aircraft to be fitted with the instruments required for IFR flight, [3] and student pilots [4] and sport pilots [5] must maintain visual reference with the surface. Other operations (such as commercial, turbine powered, and fractional ownership) include special limitations.
In United States aviation, VFR-on-top is defined as air traffic control authorization for an aircraft operating under instrument flight rules (IFR) to do so in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) at any appropriate visual flight rules (VFR) altitude.
Visual flight or visual attitude flying is the control of an aircraft via outside references (such as the sky or the runway in takeoff). [1] For aircraft, the primary visual reference used is usually the relationship between the aircraft's "nose" or cowling against the natural horizon .
There are three sets of flight rules under which an aircraft can be flown: Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Special Visual Flight Rules (SVFR) Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Public transport flights are almost exclusively operated under IFR, as this set of rules allows flight in regions of low visibility (e.g. cloud).