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Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
Notes that do not meet that criterion are called chromatic notes or accidentals. Accidental symbols visually communicate a modification of a note's pitch from its tonal context. Most commonly, [note 2] the sharp symbol (♯) raises a note by a half step, while the flat symbol (♭) lowers a note by a half step.
The duration (note length or note value) is indicated by the form of the note-head or with the addition of a note-stem plus beams or flags. A stemless hollow oval is a whole note or semibreve, a hollow rectangle or stemless hollow oval with one or two vertical lines on both sides is a double whole note or breve.
lit. Double movement, i.e. the note values are halved double dot Two dots placed side by side after a note to indicate that it is to be lengthened by three quarters of its value double stop The technique of playing two notes simultaneously on a bowed string instrument downtempo A slow, moody, or decreased tempo or played or done in such a tempo.
The system of note types used in mensural notation closely corresponds to the modern system. The mensural brevis is nominally the ancestor of the modern double whole note (breve); likewise, the semibrevis corresponds to the whole note (semibreve), the minima to the half note (minim), the semiminima to the quarter note (crotchet), and the fusa to the eighth note (quaver).
A note value may be augmented by adding a dot after it. This dot adds the next briefer note value, making it one and a half times its original duration. A number of dots (n) lengthen the note value by 2 n − 1 / 2 n its value, so two dots add two lower note
Gamaks involve the variation of pitch of a note, using heavy forceful oscillations between adjacent and distant notes. Glissando: A glide from one pitch to another. Gruppetto: A trill or turn. Grace note: Music notation used to denote several kinds of musical ornaments, usually an appoggiatura or an acciaccatura, depending on interpretation.
Dotted notes and their equivalent durations. The curved lines, called ties, add the note values together. In Western musical notation, a dotted note is a note with a small dot written after it. [a] In modern practice, the first dot increases the duration of the basic note by half (the original note with an extra beam) of its original value.