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[16] There were four major Black insurance companies founded in Chicago. Additionally, the African-American market on State Street during this time consisted of barber shops, restaurants, pool rooms, saloons, and beauty salons. African Americans used these trades to build their own communities.
Archibald Motley painting Blues (1929). The Chicago Black Renaissance (also known as the Black Chicago Renaissance) was a creative movement that blossomed out of the Chicago Black Belt on the city's South Side and spanned the 1930s and 1940s before a transformation in art and culture took place in the mid-1950s through the turn of the century.
First and Second Great Migrations shown through changes in African American share of population in major U.S. cities, 1916–1930 and 1940–1970 In the context of the 20th-century history of the United States , the Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the Northeast , Midwest and West .
Illinois' first African American newspaper was the Cairo Weekly Gazette, established in 1862. [1] The first in Chicago was The Chicago Conservator , established in 1878. An estimated 190 Black newspapers had been founded in Illinois by 1975, [ 2 ] and more have continued to be established in the decades since.
The American Negro Exposition, also known as the Black World's Fair and the Diamond Jubilee Exposition, was a world's fair held in Chicago from July until September in 1940, to celebrate the 75th anniversary (also known as a diamond jubilee) of the end of slavery in the United States at the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865.
By 1920, the city had added more than 1 million residents. During the second wave of the Great Migration (1940–60), the African-American population in the city grew from 278,000 to 813,000. African-American youths play basketball in Chicago's Stateway Gardens high-rise housing project in 1973.
Black or African American alone 12.61% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0.95% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) Asian alone 4.75% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0.17% (percent in the race/percent in the age group)
Following the Korean War, around 70,000 white people from the Mid-South moved to Chicago. These white people were mostly from the mountainous Appalachia region of Eastern Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, and West Virginia. [2] By the 1950s and 1960s, the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago had gained a reputation as a "Hillbilly Heaven".