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Upanayana (Sanskrit: उपनयन, romanized: upanayana, lit. 'initiation') is a Hindu educational sacrament, [ 2 ] one of the traditional saṃskāras or rites of passage that marked the acceptance of a student by a preceptor , such as a guru or acharya , and an individual's initiation into a school in Hinduism .
In Hindu traditions, a human being is born at least twice – one at physical birth through mother's womb, and second at intellectual birth through teacher's care, the first is marked through Jatakarman samskara ritual, the second is marked through Vidyarambha or Upanayana samskara ritual. [20]
The education of a student started from Upanayana ritual. It was performed between four and nine years of age. After it, the student was sent to Gurukula for the study. In the upanayana an Acharya was assigned to the student. The Acharya took care of his students like father and impart proper education, training and guidance to them.
Worship in Hinduism is an act of religious devotion usually directed to one or more Hindu deities, invoking a sense of Bhakti or devotional love. This term is probably a central one in Hinduism, but a direct translation from the Sanskrit to English is difficult.
The Upanayanam thread ceremony marking initiation as a Dvija. "Dvija" means "twice-born": the first birth is physical, while the second birth is a 'spiritual' one. [4] The second 'birth' occurs when one takes up fulfilling a role in society, at the time of Upanayana initiation ceremony.
The sacred thread called Yajñopaveetam is bestowed during the Upanayana ceremony. Upanayana is an elaborate ceremony that includes rituals involving the family, the child, and the teacher. [5] [6] The ceremony is a rite of passage for the start of formal education in reading, writing, arithmetic, Vedangas, arts, and other skills. [7]
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Imparting the Gayatri mantra to young Hindu men is an important part of the traditional upanayana ceremony [citation needed], which marks the beginning of study of the Vedas. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan described this as the essence of the ceremony, [ 21 ] which is sometimes called "Gayatri diksha " , i.e. initiation into the Gayatri mantra. [ 41 ]