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As one of the world's few ancient lakes, it is the lake which contains the largest number of endemic species in the world, with 212 species of animals and plants. [ 82 ] [ 83 ] It is the habitat for many rare fish species such as the endangered Ohrid trout , one of the most ancient trout in the entire Balkan Peninsula .
[147] [150] Several groups of insects can be considered as either micropredators or external parasites; [151] [152] for example, many hemipteran bugs have piercing and sucking mouthparts, adapted for feeding on plant sap, [153] [154] while species in groups such as fleas, lice, and mosquitoes are hematophagous, feeding on the blood of animals.
In seed plants (gymnosperms and flowering plants), the sporophyte forms most of the visible plant, and the gametophyte is very small. Flowering plants reproduce sexually using flowers, which contain male and female parts: these may be within the same ( hermaphrodite ) flower, on different flowers on the same plant , or on different plants .
The scale insect Dactylopius coccus produces the brilliant red-coloured carminic acid to deter predators. Up to 100,000 scale insects need to be collected and processed to make a kilogram (2.2 lbs) of cochineal dye. [89] A similar number of lac bugs are needed to make a kilogram of shellac, a brush-on colourant and wood finish. [90]
A crop-duster spraying pesticide on a field A self-propelled crop sprayer spraying pesticide on a field Pesticides are substances that are used to control pests. They include herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, and many others (see table). The most common of these are herbicides, which account for approximately 50% of all pesticide use globally. Most pesticides are used as plant ...
Lepidoptera (/ ˌ l ɛ p ɪ ˈ d ɒ p t ər ə / LEP-ih-DOP-tər-ə) or lepidopterans is an order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths.About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organisms, [1] [2] making it the second largest insect order (behind Coleoptera) with 126 families [3] and 46 superfamilies ...
The true bugs, Hemiptera, have piercing and sucking mouthparts and live by sucking sap from plants. These include aphids, whiteflies and scale insects. Apart from weakening the plant, they encourage the growth of sooty mould on the honeydew the insects produce, which cuts out the light and reduces photosynthesis, stunting the plant's growth ...
Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects in turn evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. [5] These toxins limit the diet breadth of herbivores, and evolving mechanisms to nonetheless continue herbivory is an important part of maintaining diet breadth in insects, and so in their evolutionary history as a whole.