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The fused gene results in the fusion of N-terminal proline-rich region of the protein encoded by this gene to the entire TFE3 protein. This protein has been shown to interact with the mitotic checkpoint protein MAD2B, which suggests that the dominant-negative effect of the fusion protein with TFE3 may lead to a mitotic checkpoint defect.
In cancer cells "global hypomethylation" due to disruption in DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) may promote mitotic recombination and chromosome rearrangement, ultimately resulting in aneuploidy when the chromosomes fail to separate properly during mitosis.
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).
c-myc (also sometimes referred to as MYC) was the first gene to be discovered in this family, due to homology with the viral gene v-myc. In cancer, c-myc is often constitutively (persistently) expressed. This leads to the increased expression of many genes, some of which are involved in cell proliferation, contributing to the formation of ...
PRC1 protein is expressed at relatively high levels during S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle before dropping dramatically after mitotic exit and entrance into G1 phase. PRC1 is located in the nucleus during interphase , becomes associated with the mitotic spindle in a highly dynamic manner during anaphase, and localizes to the cell midbody ...
Usually the number of mitotic figures is expressed as the total number in a defined number of high power fields, such as 10 mitoses in 10 high power fields. Since the field of vision area can vary considerably between different microscopes, the exact area of the high power fields should be defined in order to compare results from different studies.
In gliomas, a form of brain cancer, radiation therapy appears to select for stem cells, [113] [114] though it is unclear if the tumor returns to the pre-therapy proportion of cancer stem cells after therapy or if radiotherapy selects for an alteration that keeps the glioma cells in the stem cell state.
The result however has been challenged by others who claimed that this is an overestimation by an order of magnitude due to flawed statistical analysis. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] In domesticated livestock, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in imprinted genes influencing foetal growth and development have been shown to be associated with economically ...