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Strange matter: A type of quark matter that may exist inside some neutron stars close to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (approximately 2–3 solar masses). May be stable at lower energy states once formed.
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid , liquid , gas , and plasma .
In bulk, matter can exist in several different forms, or states of aggregation, known as phases, [49] depending on ambient pressure, temperature and volume. [50] A phase is a form of matter that has a relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (such as density, specific heat, refractive index, and so forth).
A typical phase diagram.The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water. In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. [1]
Two-dimensional quantum systems exist in all three states of matter and much of the variety seen in three dimensional matter can be created in two dimensions. Real two-dimensional materials are made of monoatomic layers on the surface of solids.
The great majority of ordinary matter in the universe is unseen, since visible stars and gas inside galaxies and clusters account for less than 10 percent of the ordinary matter contribution to the mass–energy density of the universe. [120] [121] [122] Ordinary matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid, gas, and plasma ...
The three common states of matter. Along with oxidane, water is one of the two official names for the chemical compound H 2 O; [50] it is also the liquid phase of H 2 O. [51] The other two common states of matter of water are the solid phase, ice, and the gaseous phase, water vapor or steam.
String theory is a model of physics whereby all "particles" that make up matter are composed of strings (measuring at the Planck length) that exist in an 11-dimensional (according to M-theory, the leading version) or 12-dimensional (according to F-theory [18]) universe. These strings vibrate at different frequencies that determine mass ...