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Purusha (Sanskrit: पुरुष, [pʊɾʊʂᵊ], IAST: Puruṣa) is a complex concept [1] whose meaning evolved in Vedic and Upanishadic times. Depending on source and historical timeline, it means the cosmic being or self , awareness , and universal principle.
The Purusha Sukta might have been a later interpolation to secure Vedic sanction for that scheme". [10] Stephanie Jamison and Joel Brereton, a professor of Sanskrit and Religious studies, state that "the varna system seems to be embryonic in the Rigveda and, both then and later, a social ideal rather than a social reality".
Samkhya or Sankhya (/ ˈ s ɑː ŋ k j ə /; Sanskrit: सांख्य, romanized: sāṃkhya) is a dualistic orthodox school of Hindu philosophy. [1] [2] [3] It views reality as composed of two independent principles, Puruṣa ('consciousness' or spirit) and Prakṛti (nature or matter, including the human mind and emotions).
Puruṣārtha (पुरुषार्थ) is a composite Sanskrit word from Purusha (पुरुष) and Artha (अर्थ). Purusha means "spirit" [citation needed], "immaterial essence" [citation needed], or "primaeval human being as the soul and original source of the universe". [9], depending on the darsana, the school of thought.
Kaivalya (Sanskrit: कैवल्य) is the ultimate goal of aṣṭāṅga yoga and means "solitude", "detachment" or "isolation", a vrddhi-derivation from kevala "alone, isolated". It is the isolation of purusha from prakṛti, and liberation from rebirth, i.e., moksha.
Tattva (/ ˈ t ʌ t v ə /) is a Sanskrit word meaning 'thatness', 'principle', 'reality' or 'truth'. [5] Samkhya philosophy enumerates only 25 tattvas; twenty-four ātma tattvas along with purusha, which is ātman or the soul. [6]
The Purusha is the centre of consciousness, whereas the Prakrti is the source of all material existence. The twenty-five tattva system of Samkhya concerns itself only with the tangible aspect of creation, theorizing that Prakrti is the source of the world of becoming.
A living being is a union of Prakriti and Purusha, posits Samkhya-karika in verses 20-21. [57] The Prakriti as the insentient evolute, joins with Purusha which is sentient consciousness. [57] [58] The Karika states that the purpose of this union of Prakriti and Purusha, creating the reality of the observed universe, is to actualize a two-fold ...