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Lyssavirus (from the Greek λύσσα lyssa "rage, fury, rabies" and the Latin vīrus) [1] [2] is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Mammals, including humans, can serve as natural hosts .
3D still showing rabies virus structure. Rhabdoviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. They are characterized by an extremely broad host spectrum ranging from plants [citation needed] to insects [citation needed] and mammals; human-infecting viruses more commonly have icosahedral symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra.
Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. [4] It is spread when an infected animal bites or scratches a human or other animals. [ 1 ] Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. [ 1 ]
[2] [3] [4] Diseases associated with member viruses include rabies encephalitis caused by the rabies virus, and flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from Ancient Greek rhabdos, meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles. [5] The family has 40 genera, most assigned to three subfamilies. [6]
The genome organization and RNA synthesis of order Mononegavirales. A virus is a member of the order Mononegavirales if [2] [3]. its genome is a linear, typically (but not always) nonsegmented, single-stranded, non-infectious RNA of negative polarity; possesses inverse-complementary 3' and 5' termini; and is not covalently linked to a protein;
From 1977 to 2011, 961 cases of rabies were reported in Europe. 91% were EBLV-1. The rest of the cases were suspected to be EBLV-2 and all but 3 have been confirmed. The 3 unconfirmed cases resulted in the discovery of West Caucasian bat lyssavirus (WCBL) in southwest Russia in 2002 and the Bokeloh bat lyssavirus in Germany in 2010. [7]
Arctic rabies is a specific strain of Rabies lyssavirus that is most closely phylogenetically related to a separate strand halfway down the world in India and has an incubation period that can last up to six months, comparable to that of the virus in humans. [33]
Mokola lyssavirus, commonly called Mokola virus (MOKV), is an RNA virus related to rabies virus that has been sporadically isolated from mammals across sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of isolates have come from domestic cats exhibiting symptoms characteristically associated to rabies virus infection.