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Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake. According to the theory, individual vegetarian and vegan foods may provide an insufficient amount of some essential amino acids, making protein combining with multiple complementary foods necessary to obtain a meal with "complete protein".
Scheme of the complement system. The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane. [1]
A subset of this family of proteins, complement control proteins (CCP), are characterized by domains of conserved repeats that direct interaction with components of the complement system. [1] These "Sushi" domains have been used to identify other putative members of the CCP family. There are many other RCA proteins that do not fall into this ...
Complement component 4 (C4), in humans, is a protein involved in the intricate complement system, originating from the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. It serves a number of critical functions in immunity, tolerance, and autoimmunity with the other numerous components.
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene. [5] Complement component 5 is involved in the complement system. It is cleaved into C5a and C5b: C5a plays an important role in chemotaxis. [6] C5b forms the first part of the complement membrane attack complex. Deficiency is thought to cause Leiner's disease.
Complement C1r subcomponent (EC 3.4.21.41, activated complement C1r, C overbar 1r esterase, C1r) is a protein involved in the complement system of the innate immune system. [5] [6] [7] In humans, C1r is encoded by the C1R gene. [8] C1r along with C1q and C1s form the C1 complex, which is the first component of the serum complement system.
It states that such information cannot be transferred back from protein to either protein or nucleic acid." [6] A second version of the central dogma is popular but incorrect. This is the simplistic DNA → RNA → protein pathway published by James Watson in the first edition of The Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965).
Within the field of molecular biology, a protein-fragment complementation assay, or PCA, is a method for the identification and quantification of protein–protein interactions. In the PCA, the proteins of interest ("bait" and "prey") are each covalently linked to fragments of a third protein (e.g. DHFR, which acts as a "reporter").