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Some essays represent widespread norms; others only represent minority viewpoints. Othering is identifying people by a characteristic that differs from some perceived normative state when irrelevant. ("Otherness, the characteristics of the Other, is the state of being different from and alien to the social identity of a person and to the ...
In practise, sexual Othering is realised by applying the negative denotations and connotations of the terms that describe lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, in order to diminish their personal social status and political power, and so displace their LGBT communities to the legal margin of society. To neutralise such cultural ...
For Cornelius Castoriadis (L'institution imaginaire de la société, 1975; The Imaginary Institution of Society, 1997) radical alterity/otherness (French: altérité radicale) denotes the element of creativity in history: "For what is given in and through history is not the determined sequence of the determined but the emergence of radical otherness, immanent creation, non-trivial novelty."
Othering is a specific form of labeling in which the label produces patterns of power and privilege by designating those who do not follow accepted social norms as lesser. [3] In some cases, othering can cause social exclusion, in which case groups labeled as "other" are denied full participation in society. [ 5 ]
Othering is the term used by some to describe a system of discrimination whereby the characteristics of a group are used to distinguish them as separate from the norm. [ 77 ] Othering plays a fundamental role in the history and continuation of racism.
An example is the exclusion of single mothers from the welfare system prior to welfare reforms of the 1900s. The modern welfare system is based on the concept of entitlement to the basic means of being a productive member of society both as an organic function of society and as compensation for the socially useful labor provided.
According to Parsons, social systems rely on a system of language, and culture must exist in a society in order for it to qualify as a social system. [4] Parsons' work laid the foundations for the rest of the study of social systems theory and ignited the debate over what framework social systems should be built around, such as actions ...
The essay originated in response to a call for papers from the Fabian Society in the spring of 1890, "put forward under the general heading 'Socialism in Contemporary Literature.'" [2] Shaw read the original paper, "the first form of this little book" at the St. James's Restaurant on 18 July 1890.