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While members subject to compressive stress may also fail catastrophically, they typically do not fail from crack initiation. [2] Examples of bridge designs that would typically be considered fracture critical are: Most truss bridges with two main load-bearing assemblies; Two-beam girder bridges (three-beam bridges in California) Two-cell steel ...
The NBI can classify bridges as "structurally deficient," which means that the condition of the bridge includes a significant defect, which often means that speed or weight limits must be put on the bridge to ensure safety; a rating of 4 or lower on any of items 58, 59, 60, or 62 (deck, superstructure, substructure, and culverts, respectively ...
Attempts have been made to increase the safety of bridges with pin and hanger assemblies by adding some form of redundancy to the assembly. Retrofits that add redundancy to pin and hanger assemblies include adding a "catcher's mitt"—a short steel beam attached to the bottom of the cantilevered girder that extends out beneath the suspended girder to "catch" the suspended girder should ...
Remainder of bridge extensively repaired and retrofitted. Triaxial welds were drilled and most cross bracing members were removed. Many other similar bridges around the world were also modified in this way as a result of this failure. Hintze Ribeiro Bridge: Entre-os-Rios, Castelo de Paiva: Portugal: 4 March 2001: Masonry and steel bridge built ...
Designers typically adhere to standardised design codes when specifying tension members, which are critical components of structural systems. In the United States, the Steel Construction Manual published by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) is the primary reference for structural steel design, while in Europe, the design is guided by the Eurocodes published by the Comité ...
EN 1993-2 gives a general basis for the structural design of steel bridges and steel parts of composite bridges. It gives provisions that supplement, modify or supersede the equivalent provisions given in the various parts of EN 1993-1. This standard is concerned only with the resistance, serviceability and durability of bridge structures.
[6]: 15 A few years earlier, in 1923, AASHO, a national standards-setting organization, had released documentation to aid engineers in designing bridges — providing quality-control specifications and guidelines on topics such as computing forces and loads, types and properties of steel, and estimating future traffic levels.
BS 5400-1:1988 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. General statement. BS 5400-2:2006 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Specification for loads. BS 5400-3:2000 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of steel bridges. (This part of standard is being partially replaced) BS 5400-4:1990 Steel, concrete and ...